COVID-19 Resources

Each of these measures seeks to provide assistance to individuals, families, and businesses as the nation weathers the impacts of COVID-19. Additional measures were enacted in June of 2020

Congressional Action in Detail:

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (The CARES) Act (Signed into law March 27, 2020)

Descriptions of Major Provisions

SBA Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act (P.L. 116-142)
SBA Regulations June 26 Federal Register (Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act)
Small Business Administration (SBA) Assistance in the CARES Act Summary (Bipartisan Policy Center & Committee for Economic Development, March 26, 2020)
SBA COVID-19 Loan/Grant Matrix (Assoc. of Small Business Development Centers, July 12, 2020)
Senate Small Business Committee Small Business Owner's Guide to the CARES Act (March 28 2020)
Short-time Compensation Program -Work Sharing (CED, April 2020)
Unemployment Compensation in the CARES Act Summary (Bipartisan Policy Center & the Committee for Economic Development, March 27, 2020)
Minimum Weekly Benefits Under Pandemic Unemployment at a Minimum of 50% of State Average Weekly Benefit Amounts (U.S. Department of Labor, June 25, 2020)
Tax Relief for Individuals and Businesses, Congressional Research Service (CRS), March 26, 2020
Senate Finance Committee, Individual and Family Recovery Checks FAQ, March 26, 2020
House Ways & Means Committee Rebate FAQs, March 26, 2020
Direct Payments to Individuals: Estimated Impact of Recovery Rebates on Family Incomes, Congressional Research Service (CRS), March 26, 2020
Employee Retention Credit, Senate Finance Committee, March 26, 2020
House Ways & Means Committee Unemployment Compensation FAQs, March 27, 2020
Family Child Care Home Provider Current Challenges with SBA Relief Assistance in the CARES Act (Committee for Economic Development, Tom Copeland, and All Our Kin, April 14, 2020)
Family Child Care Home Provider Challenges with Unemployment Compensation under the CARES Act (May 19, 2020)
Family Child Care Home Providers: Struggling to Access Unemployment Compensation Across U.S., National Survey Results (June 7, 2020)
Family Child Care Home Providers: Struggling to Access Unemployment Compensation Across U.S., New Jersey Survey Results (June 7, 2020)
Family Child Care Home Providers: Struggling to Access Unemployment Compensation Across U.S., Virginia Results (June 7, 2020)

The Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA), March 18, 2020, (P.L.116-127)

Paid Sick Leave and Family Leave

The FFCRA’s paid leave provisions are effective on April 1, 2020, and apply to leave taken between April 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020.

House Ways & Means Committee Paid Leave Summary, March 16, 2020
U.S. Department of Labor Paid Leave under FFCRA
U.S. Department of Labor Paid Leave Q&A
Tax Credit for Paid Sick and Family Leave in the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, Congressional Research Service (CRS), March 17, 2020

Economic Revitalization within Communities

The Financial Industry and Consumers Struggling to Pay Bills during the COVID-19 Outbreak, Congressional Research Service (CRS), March 26, 2020
Disaster Relief and the Community Reinvestment Act, FDIC Presentation
The Effectiveness of the Community Reinvestment Act, Congressional Research Service (February 2019)
Challenges with the Community Reinvestment Act, Congressional Research Service (April 2019)
Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs), Congressional Research Service, 2018
The Potential Role of TANF in Addressing the Economic Effects, Congressional Research Service (CRS), March 26, 2020
Shared Services/Opportunities Exchange, REINVENT vs. REBUILD: Let’s Fix the Child Care System (Opportunities Exchange, April 2020)

Other Laws of Interest

Background:

Child Care and Development Block Grant Act Statute
2014 CCDBG Reauthorization Markup
Family and Medical Leave Act
Small Business Act (Compilation) Pre-COVID-19

CDC, https://www.cdc.gov/

Checkout the resources for employers on the Committee for Economic Development (CED) of The Conference Board web site.

Additional Resources for Businesses

The CARES Act (March 2020)

$3.5 billion increase in Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG) in addition to the $550 million increase enacted in December as part of the FY20 Labor, HHS, and Education Appropriations legislation.
CCDBG statutory text included in the CARES Act
HHS, Office of Child Care COVID Resources
Office of Child Care COVID FAQs
HHS OCC School-Age Q&A

Family Child Care Federal Relief Options Webinars

Webinars:

COVID-19: Tips to Navigate Federal Relief Options for Family Child Care Providers (April 2020)

webinar recording
slides

Recorded Webinar with Q&A. 2020 Tax Returns: Tips for Family Child Care Home Providers (Handling Grants, COVID business expenses, & More!), January 2021

Slides

Recorded Webinar with Q&A. The Tax Consequences of Coping with COVID-19: Tax Tips for Family Child Care Home Providers (Deductible expenses, calculating the time-space percentage, understanding SBA programs, deciding when to claim Social Security, and more!), February 17, 2021

Slides

COVID-19 Child Care Trackers

COVID-19 Education Resources

Availability of Funding through the Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) Fund (Education Counsel, May 2020)
Governor’s Emergency Education Relief (GEER) Fund (Education Counsel, April 2020)

Unemployment Resources

U.S. Department of Labor, State Unemployment Compilations
U.S. DOL State by State Table: Major Benefit Provisions – Maximum, Minimum Benefits, Rules
U.S. DOL Guidance, Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (April 5, 2020)
U.S. DOL PUA Guidance, Unemployment Insurance Program Letter No. 16-20 Change 1 (April 27, 2020)
U.S. DOL PUA Guidance, Unemployment Insurance Program Letter No. 16-20 Change 2 (July 21, 2020)
U.S. DOL Unemployment FAQs and Examples
U.S. Department of Labor, Guidance on Unemployment Post CARES Act
U.S. DOL, Unemployment Data Dashboard
Senate Finance Hearing, June 9, 2020
Short-time Compensation Program -Work Sharing (CED, April 2020)
DOL Guidance: Short-Time Compensation (STC) Program Provisions and Guidance Regarding 100 Percent Federal Reimbursement of Certain State STC Payments (May 3, 2020)
DOL Guidance: Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act of 2020 – Short-Time Compensation (STC) Program Grants (May 10, 2020)
Virginia General Assembly, Short-time Compensation (STC), SB 548 (April 22, 2020)
Federal Reserve Unemployment Claims Monitor (States tables and charts/data)
Minimum Weekly Benfits Under Pandemic Unemployment at a Minimum of 50% of State Average Weekly Benefit Amounts (U.S. Department of Labor, June 25, 2020)

Hunt Institute State Tracker/Child Care
Bipartisan Policy Center, State by State Use of CARES Act Supplemental CCDBG Funds
Hunt Institute Governors Emergency Education Relief (GEER) Tracker
Urban Institute, COVID-19 Resource Tracker: A Guide to State and Local Responses (Broad-based tracker)
Bipartisan Policy Center, State Child Care Administrator Forum COVID-19 (May 28, 2020)

Key Federal Agency Links

Parent Child Care Related Polling

Bipartisan Policy Center, Nationwide Survey, Parent Child Care Preferences: Are They Changing? (January 22, 2021) Slides, Survey Analysis, Survey Toplines, Crosstabs, Webinar Recording
Bipartisan Policy Center, Nationwide Survey, Child Care in COVID-19: Another Look at What Parents Want (August 26, 2020)
Latino Parent Voices: What Our Families Need Now (Abriendo Puertas, August 2020); Toplines (August 2020)
Bipartisan Policy Center, Nationwide Survey: Child Care in the Time of Coronavirus (April 10, 2020)
Easing the COVID Burden on Working Parents (Boston Consulting Group, BSG, May 2020)
Not in the Same Boat, Returning to Child Care (Higher Income vs. Lower Income) (Rapid EC-Project, June 12, 2020)
Urban Institute Parents Are Struggling to Provide for Their Families during the Pandemic (May 21, 2020)
University of Oregon: Rapid Assessment of Pandemic Impact on Development, Early Childhood Household Survey (weekly)
Urban Institute, A List of COVID-19 Child Care Surveys & Analysis
More Americans now say academic concerns should be a top factor in deciding to reopen K-12 schools (Pew Foundation, February 2021
Work is Changing: How Will it Impact Child Care? (Bipartisan Policy Center, June 22, 2021) Slides, Analysis, Toplines
Household Experiences in America During the Delta Variant Outbreak (Robert Wood Johnson, October 2021)
Household Experiences in America During the Delta Variant Outbreak, By Race/Ethnicity (Robert Wood Johnson, October 2021)
RWJ Polling Main Page
Bipartisan Policy Center, Survey Results: How Work and Child Care are Changing (Blog, June 2021), Toplines, Slides, Resource Main page
Bipartisan Policy Center, Child Care in Rural America – What Have We Learned? (October 2021)
Bipartisan Policy Center, What Keeps Employed Parents out of the Child Care System? (August 2022), Blog, Toplines, Slides, Webinar Recording
Bipartisan Policy Center, When Child Care Burdens Harm Business, Who Picks Up the Pieces? (March 2023)
Bipartisan Policy Center, Child Care and the Illusion of Parent Choice (May 2023, Slides & Blog)
Bipartisan Policy Center, Breaking Stereotypes: Decoding Hispanic Parent’s Child Care Preferences (March 2024)

PD, and Health & Safety Videos

Head Start Resources, Preventing and Responding to COVID-19 (Health & Safety)
Head Start Video: Caring for Children in Group Settings During COVID-19
Department of Defense, Virtual Lab School
Early Educator Central

COVID-19 Related Data

U.S. Census Bureau, Household Pulse Survey During COVID-19 Main Tables
Women in the Labor Force: A Databook (2019)
Breadwinning Mothers Continue To Be the U.S. Norm (Center for American Progress, May 2019)
Employment Characteristics of Families (Released Spring 2020)
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Household Data Annual Averages Table 11- Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
BLS, State Unemployment Rates
BLS, Current Unemployment Rates for States and Historical Highs/Lows, Seasonally Adjusted
BLS, Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Employment Situation News Release and Data (ongoing)
U.S. DOL, Notices and Letters
Stanford research provides a snapshot of a new working-from-home economy (June 2020)
U.S. Census Bureau, Working Moms Bear Brunt of Home Schooling While Working During COVID-19 (August 18, 2020)
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Supplemental data measuring the effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the labor market (ongoing)
U.S. Census Bureau, Small Business Pulse Survey (ongoing)
Bipartisan Policy Center, Child Care in 25 States: What we Know & Don't Know (October 2020)
Employer Childcare Assistance Now and Looking Ahead (U.S. Chamber Foundation, November 2020)
U.S. Chamber Foundation, COVID Impact on Child Care (December 2020)
U.S. Chamber Foundation, Executive Briefing: Essential Care for Essential Workers (February 2021)
Historical Look at Unemployment, Sectors Shows Magnitude of COVID-19 Impact on Economy (Census Bureau, March 2021)
Educational attainment, employment, and working from home, February–May 2021 (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, October 7, 2021)

COVID-19 Pre-K Resources

NIEER, Review of State School Reopening Plans and Implications and Suggestions for State Funded Pre-K Programs (August 2020)
NIEER, Young Children’s Home Learning and Preschool Participation Experiences During the Pandemic, NIEER 2020 Preschool Learning Activities Survey: Technical Report and Selected Findings (July 2020)
NIEER, Understanding and responding to the pandemic’s impacts on preschool education: What can we learn from last spring? (July 2020)
Duke University, The North Carolina Pre-Kindergarten Program and Remote Learning Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Findings from a Statewide Survey of Teachers (July 2020)
Child Care Services Association, NC Pre-K: Supporting Families During COVID-19, (August 2020)
NIEER, Seven Impacts of the Pandemic on Young Children and their Parents (February 2021)

School-Age Child Care

The cost of closed schools (Axios, August 2020)
Urban Institute, Meeting the School-Age Child Care Needs of Working Parents Facing COVID-19 Distance Learning Policy Options to Consider, July 2020
Childcare Obligations Will Constrain Many Workers When Reopening the US Economy (University of Chicago, April 2020)
Tracking Job Losses for Mothers of School-Age Children During a Health Crisis (Census Bureau March 3, 2021)
Meeting the School-Age Child Care Needs of Working Parents Facing COVID-19 Distance Learning, Policy Options to Consider, Urban Institute, July 2020

Federal Reserve System Community and Economic Development Childcare Work Group, Briefing on Childcare Funding and Policy Considerations in Response to COVID-19 (Brittany Birken, Atlanta Federal Reserve, August 2020)
How a COVID-19 10-person group limit affects Minnesota’s child care providers (Rob Grunewald, Minneapolis Federal Reserve, June 2020)
Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, Why Is Mommy So Stressed? Estimating the Immediate Impact of the COVID-19 Shock on Parental Attachment to the Labor Market and the Double Bind of Mothers (June 19, 2020)
COVID-19 challenges the child care market (Rob Grunewald, Minneapolis Federal Reserve, April 2020)
Surveys say inadequate child care options slow Montana’s economy (Rob Grunewald, Minneapolis Federal Reserve, October 2020)
Pandemic Disproportionately Affects Women, Minority Labor Force Participation (Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, November 2020)
Who Has COVID-19 Impacted and What’s Been Done to Help? (Atlanta Federal Reserve, December 2020)
Parental Participation in a Pandemic Labor Market (San Francisco Federal Reserve, April 2021)
Atlanta Federal Reserve Cost of LIving Calculator. The Cost of Living Database provides county-level estimates of the cost of living for different family types using a basic set of expenses. This includes housing, utilities, childcare, health insurance, food, transportation, and other miscellaneous expenses. (July 2021)
Restructuring the Eligibility Policies of the Child Care and Development Fund to Address Benefits Cliffs and Affordability: Florida as a Case Study (Atlanta Federal Reserve, June 2021)
Where Are They Now? Workers with Young Children during COVID-19 (Atlanta Federal Reserve, September 2021)
Women of color and women with children disproportionately left the labor force during the COVID-19 pandemic (Minneapolis Federal Reserve, February 2022)
Women Affected Most by COVID-19 Disruptions in the Labor Market (Monge-Naranjo, Alexander and Qiuhan Sun, The Regional Economist, 2021).
The Decline of Employment During COVID-19: The Role of Contact-Intensive Industries (St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank, September 2020)
Dollars and Sense: Affordability of Childcare (Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 2021)
Child Care Remains Central to an Equitable Recovery (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, February 17, 2022)
Examining teacher turnover in early care and education (Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, April 29, 2022)
Amid labor shortages, child care shapes parents' employment choices in the Ninth District (Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, March 18, 2022)
The solution is no secret, we can fix child care (Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, November 23, 2021)
Who’s not working in the U.S.? Learn the basics (Minneapolis Federal Reserve, September 2022)
Who’s not working? Behind the full-time caregivers leaving the workforce (Minneapolis Federal Reserve, July 2023)
Who’s not working? Education and the choice to be a stay-at-home parent (Minneapolis Federal Reserve, August 2023)

Federal Reserve Reports

Pink Collar Recession

865,000 women left the US workforce in September (USA Today, October 25, 2020)
Why has COVID-19 been especially harmful for working women? (Brookings, October 2020)
Recession With a Difference: Women Face Special Burden (New York Times, November 17, 2020)
Bipartisan Policy Center, New Survey: Facing Caregiving Challenges, Women Leaving the Workforce at Unprecedented Rates (October 28, 2020), Slide deck
The Mystery of How Many Mothers Have Left Work Because of School Closings (New York Times, October 29, 2020)
Pandemic Disproportionately Affects Women, Minority Labor Force Participation (Dallas Federal Reserve, November 2020)
COVID-19’s Impact on Women in the Workplace: Avoiding a Major Setback (CED, December 2020)
Did Covid-19 Disproportionately Affect Mothers’ Labor Market Activity? (Chicago Federal Reserve, January 2021)
The COVID-19 Pandemic: Labor Market Implications for Women (Congressional Research Service, December 2020)
Why the COVID-19 recession has disproportionately affected women (Deloitte, January 2021)
Working Moms Are Struggling. Here’s What Would Help. What government, employers and the rest of us can do. (New York Times, February 4, 2021)
Pandemic Pushes Mothers of Young Children Out of the Labor Force (MN Federal Reserve, February 2021)
Tracking Job Losses for Mothers of School-Age Children During a Health Crisis (Census Bureau March 3, 2021)
Mothers are Regaining Jobs, Even While Shouldering Pandemic Burdens at Home (NYT, March 4, 2021)
Labor Market Weaker Than Headline Numbers Suggest (Center on Budget & Policy Priorities, March 1, 2021)
How the Pandemic’s Childcare Crisis Impacted Women-owned Businesses and Altered their Future (by Luke Pardue, Economist at Gusto, March 8, 2021)
Ten Economic Facts on How Mothers Spend Their Time (Brookings Institute, The Hamilton Project, March 2021)
Adapting to the Reimagined Workplace: Human Capital Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic (The Conference Board, 2021)
The Reimagined Workplace a Year Later, Human Capital Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic (The Conference Board, May 2021)
Podcast: Ellen Galinsky on the Role of Child Care in the Economy for Employers and Families (March, 2021)
The Pandemic Is Changing Employee Benefits (Harvard Business Review, April 2021)
McDonald's Offers Emergency Child Care, Tuition Assistance to Win Back Employees (SHRM, July 15, 2021)
Return to Work? Not With Child Care Still in Limbo, Some Parents Say. (NYT, August 5, 2021)
Effects of the COVID-19 Recession on the US Labor Market: Occupation, Family, and Gender (Brookings Institute, Summer 2021)
Who Cares? How the Childcare Industry's Problems Are Every Employer's Problem (Wells Fargo, March 1, 2022)
Goldman Sachs Report: Congress Should “Address Deficiencies the Child Care Business Model” (March 2022)
From Pandemic to Prosperity, Bipartisan Solutions to Support Today's Small Businesses (Bipartisan Policy Center and Goldman Sachs, March 2022)
Bearing the Cost: How Overrepresentation in Undervalued Jobs Disadvantaged Women During the Pandemic (U.S. Department of Labor, March 2022) Full Report and Fact Sheet
The Economic Impact of Paid Child Care in the United States (CED, February 2022)
Women Affected Most by COVID-19 Disruptions in the Labor Market (Monge-Naranjo, Alexander and Qiuhan Sun, The Regional Economist, 2021).
Some gender disparities widened in the U.S. workforce during the pandemic (Pew Research Center, January 2022)
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted (U.S. Dept. of Labor)
Black women’s labor market history reveals deep-seated race and gender discrimination (Economic Policy Institute, 2019)
Mothers and Families, Labor Force Participation Tables (U.S. Department of Labor, Women's Bureau)
Full-Time / Part-Time Employment Tables (U.S. Department of Labor, Women's Bureau)
Does part-time work offer flexibility to employed mothers? (U.S. Dept. of Labor, Monthly Labor Review, February 2022)
Child Care Prices in Local Areas Initial Findings from the National Database of Child Care Prices (DOL, Women's Bureau, January 2023)
Mothers’ Employment Three Years Later: An Assessment of Employment Loss and Recovery During the COVID-19 Pandemic (DOL, May 2023)

In State and Local Elections, Voters Chose Children and Families (New America, November 2020)

State and Local Wins Illustrate National Demand for Early Learning Investments (Center for American Progress, December 2020)

New Mexico Constitutional Amendment 1, Land Grant Permanent Fund Distribution for Early Childhood Education Amendment (2022)

2020 Ballot Initiatives for Kids

Consolidated Appropriations Act (FY2021 Appropriations & COVID Relief Package)

On December 27, the FY2021 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 116-260), a 5,593 page bill that included appropriations for federal funding for FY2021, a broad-based COVID-19 emergency relief package, and various tax extenders (some of which were related to COVID-19 emergency relief and some were tax provisions set to expire) became law.

The FY2021 Coronavirus Response & Relief Supplemental Appropriations, CRRSA (December 27, 2020, P.L. 116-260)

COVID-19 Relief: Child Care Funding Increase ($10 billion)

Child Care Statutory Language (December 27, 2020)

COVID-19 Relief: SBA Paycheck Protection Program & EIDL

Summary of the SBA provisions by the House Small Business Committee (December 27, 2020)
Section by Section of the PPP and EIDL provisions (December 27, 2020)
Federal Paycheck Protection Program Re-opened and Extended (CED, March 31, 2021)

COVID-19 Relief: Unemployment Compensation

Unemployment Extension & Modification Summary by the House Ways & Means Committee (December 27, 2020)
Unemployment Compensation Update (CED, January 5, 2021)
Child Care Center Financial Viability During COVID-19: Short-Time Compensation Programs (Work Sharing) Update (CED, January 5, 2021)

COVID-19 Relief: Tax Extenders

Summary of Tax Provisions (December 27, 2020)
Joint Tax Committee Revenue Estimates (December 27, 2020)
Tax Treatment of PPP & EIDL (December 27, 2020)

2021 Coronavirus Response & Relief Supplemental Appropriations (CRRSA) (December 27, 2020)

Child Care Funding Increase ($10 billion)

Child Care Statutory Language (December 27, 2020)
HHS State funding estimates for $10 billion (February 2021)
HHS Post of the State Outlines for Use of the December $10 billion, CRRSA (March 2021)
HHS Information Memorandum, CCDF-ACF-IM-2021-01 (CRRSA Funding Uses, 4/15/21)
CRS, FY2021 Reconciliation Proposals (February 2021)

ECE Wage Initiatives

Child Care Business Model Videos

Bipartisan Policy Center, Rethinking America's Child Care System
Committee for Economic Development (CED), Supporting the Child Care Workforce

H.R. 1319 American Rescue Plan (March 10, 2021)

Child Care

Child Care Statutory Language (March 10, 2021)
HHS, Office of Child Care state by state funding table, $39 billion (April 15, 2021)
HHS, ARP tribal table (April 15, 2021)
White House ARP Fact Sheet (April 15, 2021)
HHS, Office of Child Care, ARP Stabilization Guidance (May 10, 2021)
HHS, Office of Child Care, ARP Supplemental CCDBG Discretionary Guidance (June 11, 2021)
White House Fact Sheet, June 11, 2021
GAO Child Care: Subsidy Eligibility and Receipt (February 2021)

American Rescue Plan (March 11, 2021, P.L. 117-2)

On March 11, 2021, President Biden signed into law the American Rescue Plan (P.L. 117-2), a 628 page bill that marked the 6th COVID relief bill passed by Congress.

H.R. 1319, the American Rescue Plan bill text (March 2021)
Senate Budget Committee Brief Overview (5 pages, March 2021)
Senate Budget Committee American Rescue Plan Summary (March 2021)
Health Care Provisions Explained (Georgetown University Health Policy Institute, March 2021)
The American Rescue Plan: What You Need to Know about Enhanced Health Care Premium Tax Credits (Georgetown University Health Policy Institute, March 2021)
House Ways & Means Committee Resources (February 2021)
Joint Tax Committee Revenue Estimate (March 9, 2021)
Center on Budget and Policy Priorities American Rescue Plan Analysis (March 2021)

COVID-19 Relief: Child Care

Child Care Statutory text (child care assistance and stabilization, P.L. 117-2, March 10, 2021)
CLASP estimate on state allocation of $39 billion in funding (March 10, 2021)
Previous Recent Congressional Action: FY2021 Consolidated Appropriations and COVID Relief Act (Child Care statutory text for $10 billion increase in funding, December 2020)
Previous Funding related to the $10 billion December 2020 increase in child care funding, HHS State by State table (February 5, 2021)
HHS state by state table for FY2020 for Child Care
HHS FAQs